Difference between system, integration and E2E tests

Integration testing is defined as a type of testing where software modules are integrated and tested as a group.The purpose of this level of testing is to expose defects in the interaction between these software modules when they are integrated

End to End testing refers to a software testing method that involves testing an application's workflow from beginning to end. This method basically aims to replicate real user scenarios so that the system can be validated for integration and data integrity. Essentially, the test goes through every operation the application can perform to test how the application communicates with hardware, network connectivity, external dependencies, databases, and other application. The purpose of end-to-end testing is to identify system dependencies and to make sure that the data integrity is maintained between various system components and systems.

https://www.browserstack.com/guide/end-to-end-testing.

System testing: You're testing the whole system i.e. all of it's components to ensure that each is functioning as intended. This is more from a functional side to check against requirements. 

End to end testing: This is more about the actual flow through a system in a more realistic end user scenario. Can a user navigate the application as expected and does it work. You're testing the workflow.

Integration testing 是一种测试类型，软件模块被集成作为一个group来被测试。这个测试的目的是用来发现模块在交互过程中的问题。

system testing ： 指的是测试整个系统，确保每一个功能都是可以使用的。

end to end testing：测试的是一个应用程序的workflow。这种方法的基本目的是复制真实的用户场景，以便对系统的整合和数据完整性进行验证

 Difference between regression, sanity and smoke tests

Regression testing is defined as a type of software testing to confirm that a recent program or code change has not adversely affected existing features. Regression Testing is nothing but a full or partial selection of already executed tests cases that are re-executed to ensure existing functionalities work fine.

Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing. And just choose specific scenarios and core parts.

Smoke testing， also known as build verification testing or confidence testing only checks the major areas of the product. it happens in the staging phase.

Regress testing 最近的程序或者代码的改变没有影响到现有的功能。回归测试只不过是全部或者部分已经执行的测试案例，重新执行以确保现有的功能正常工作。

Sanity testing 是regression testing 的一个子集，只是选择特定的场景和核心部分。

Smoke testing，构建验证测试和信心测试。只检查产品的主要区域，它发生在staging phase。

                                Difference between Alpha and Beta tests

Alpha Testing is a type of acceptance testing, performed to identify all possible issues and bugs before releasing the final product to the end-users. Alpha testing is carried out by the testers who are internal employees of the organization and performed at the developer's site.

Beta Testing is performed by real users of the software application in real environment and considers a form of external user acceptance testing.  performed at a client location.

Alpha 测试是一种接受测试，在release 最终的产品给endusers 的时候。识别所有可能性的问题和bugs

alpha 测试是被组织的内部员工在developer's site

Beta 测试是一种在真实环境中的接受测试，被认为是一种外部形式的测试，在客户端被执行。

                                Difference between black box and white box tests

Black box testing is a high level of testing that focuses on the behavior of the software. It involves testing from an external or end-user perspective. Black box testing can be applied to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system, acceptance.

White-box testing is a testing technique that checks the internal functioning of the system. In this method, testing is based on coverage of code statements, conditions. it assumes that the path of the logic in a unit or program is known。

Black box 测试主要关注在软件的行为上。主要是从外部或者终端使用者的角度去观察问题。黑盒测试被用在软件测试的每一个级别：unit， integration，system， acceptance

白盒测试是一种测试技术主要检查的是系统的内部功能。在这种方法上，测试基于代码的覆盖度。